Past Concerts

2023

Tracy Wilson, conductor

The 2023 Stockbridge Sinfonia program featured female composers. The program included "Classical Overture" by Gerald Elias, Alice Spatz' "Berkshire Triptych," Louise Farrenc's "Nonet" for five winds and four strings, and Amy Beach's Symphony No. 1, the "Gaelic.”

  • As a kid growing up on Long Island in the ’50s, my dream was to play first base with the New York Yankees. For some reason, I never did receive a call from the Yankee brass. Though I still haven’t given up hope, it became necessary in the meantime to make a living. So at the age of eight I started playing the violin, studying with an inspirational Juilliard-trained teacher, Amadeo William Liva. In 1966 I began four years of private lessons with the legendary Ivan Galamian until graduating Westbury High in 1970. While in public school I was concertmaster of the Long Island Youth Orchestra, conducted by Martin Dreiwitz. Not only was it a terrific orchestra, Mr. Dreiwitz, a professional travel agent, schlepped the orchestra on international tours every summer. What an experience as a teenager to perform the Saint Saens “Havanaise,” Bruch “Scottish Fantasy,” and Mozart Symphonie Concertante on four continents! This no doubt accounts for my lifetime wanderlust.

    In 1969 I attended the Boston University Tanglewood Institute, beginning a relationship with Tanglewood that has lasted to this day. In the same year I was selected to participate in the very first New York String Seminar, led by the inimitable Alexander Schneider. With soloists Isaac Stern and Jean Pierre Rampal, this experience opened my eyes to a lofty new world of ensemble playing. After two wonderful years at the Oberlin College Conservatory, where my teachers were David Cerone and Christopher Kimber, I transferred to Yale to study with the renowned concertmaster of the Boston Symphony, Joseph Silverstein. During my college days I attended Norfolk Chamber Music Festival where I was coached by members of the Guarneri String Quartet and Claude Frank, the Sarasota Music Festival, and the Tanglewood Music Festival. I received a Bachelor of Arts degree (cum laude) from Yale College simultaneously with a Master of Music from the Yale University School of Music in 1975.

    Still not having heard from the Yankees, I auditioned for and won a position with the Boston Symphony, joining that august ensemble at the age of twenty-two, and remained a member of the violin section for thirteen years. I performed as soloist with the Boston Pops under Arthur Fiedler and John Williams, was a member of the renowned Elias/Lefkowitz Violin Duo (or, as my partner recalls it, the Lefkowitz/Elias Violin Duo), and of the Andover Trio.

    In 1986–87, I took a sabbatical leave from the BSO and divided the year between Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, where I performed, taught, and conducted. My wife, Cecily, and I took our two children, Kate and Jacob, who were 28- and 8-months old when we departed, and provided them with an early world view. Some of Jake’s first solid food, in fact, was ground-up sushi. Another part of the adventure was being called upon to conduct a fully staged performance of La Traviata at the Innisfail (Australia) Opera Festival on short notice.

    It was westward ho for my family in 1988, after I won the audition for Associate Concertmaster of the Utah Symphony. The move to Utah turned out to be providential, offering extensive performance, teaching, and eventually conducting opportunities. I performed concertos with the orchestra, was a faculty member of the University of Utah, was the founding first violinist of the Abramyan String Quartet, had several of my compositions receive their first performances, and became music director of the Vivaldi By Candlelight chamber music series in 2004.

    Many other positive things came my way as well, one of which was a re-connection with the BSO, where I’ve regularly performed with the orchestra during the summer at Tanglewood. Another development was the establishment of an ongoing relationship with music-making in Peru and Ecuador, where I had numerous opportunities to conduct, perform, and teach, and with a Fulbright grant in 2008, I was a guest professor of the National Conservatory in Lima.

    In 1997 a second sabbatical leave, this one from the Utah Symphony, took our family to Umbria, Italy. It was a great year of eating, drinking, exploring the Umbrian countryside, and immersing ourselves in the culture and history of Italy.

    But it wasn’t all fun and games. I did a lot of composing, and significantly, I wrote my first book, Devil’s Trill. The ensuing years brought innumerable rewrites, but eventually I found an agent, Josh Getzler, at Writer’s House in New York, who ultimately found me a publisher, St. Martin’s Press. Devil’s Trill, a murder mystery which takes place in the classical music world (go figure!) was published in 2009, and has been followed by seven more installments of the series. (Please click HERE to see more details about the Daniel Jacobus mystery series and other books I've written.)

    In May of 2011, I bid a fond farewell from full-time symphony playing. However, I’ve continue to concertize, publish, and compose. There have been more books, more concerts, and more exciting challenges. One very exciting development has been a recent recording I made of the Opus 1 Violin Sonatas by the Baroque violinist-composer Pietro Castrucci, to be released in early 2022 by Centaur Records. Not only is the music exquisite, it’s the first complete recording of these 12 sonatas ever!

    In 2021, I relocated to Seattle, where I have begun to connect with multifaceted cultural scene, performing on a Baroque violin in addition to a beautiful violin my son, Jacob, made for me, and meeting with book clubs and doing book events. I look forward to continue to expand my music and literary horizons both in Seattle and in our little cottage in the woods in western Massachusetts.

    This biography is taken from Gerald Elias' website.

  • Alice Spatz has an MFA in music composition from Bennington College and is a classical free-lance double bassist who teaches double bass, music theory and composition at the Berkshire Music School. Spatz has composed for chamber ensembles, concert band, orchestra, chorus, music theater, voice and solo instruments.

    Her compositions have been performed widely throughout the US, Canada, Germany, and in Vienna, Austria. Her works have been broadcast on television and public radio, and are published by Shawnee Press, W.W. Norton, ASTA, Audubon Music, Sheetmusicplus and Amati Productions. Her music has been recorded by Gary Karr, and for Centaur Records by the Linden Trio, with Robert J. Lurtsema as narrator.

    She is the recipient of many commissions (including from the Atlantic Sinfonietta, the Walden Chamber Players and the Karr Lewis Duo), and awards from the American Music Center, ASCAP, ASTA, the Massachusetts Cultural Council, and Meet the Composer.

    She also composes for, sings, plays mandolin and bass, and performs widely with Wintergreen, a traditional and contemporary folk trio. Her home is in Lanesborough, Massachusetts.

  • Born Jeanne-Louise Dumont in Paris, she was the daughter of Jacques-Edme Dumont, a successful sculptor, and sister to Auguste Dumont, also a sculptor. She began piano studies at an early age with Cecile Soria, a former student of Muzio Clementi. When it became clear that she had the ability to become a professional pianist she was given lessons by such masters as Ignaz Moscheles and Johann Nepomuk Hummel, and, given the talent she showed as a composer, her parents decided to let her, in 1819 at the age of fifteen, study composition with Anton Reicha, the composition teacher at the Conservatoire de Paris. However, she was taught through private lessons as women were forbidden to enroll in the traditional composition classes at that time. In 1821 she married Aristide Farrenc, a flute student ten years her senior, who performed at some of the concerts regularly given at the artists' colony of the Sorbonne, where Louise's family lived. Following her marriage, Farrenc interrupted her studies to give concerts throughout France with her husband. He, however, soon grew tired of the concert life and, with her help, opened a publishing house in Paris, which, as Éditions Farrenc, became one of France's leading music publishers for nearly 40 years.

    In Paris, Farrenc returned to her studies with Reicha, after which she re-embarked on a concert career, briefly interrupted in 1826 when she gave birth to a daughter, Victorine, who also became a concert pianist but who died in 1859 aged thirty-three. In the 1830s, Farrenc gained considerable fame as a performer and her reputation was such that in 1842 she was appointed to the permanent position of Professor of Piano at the Paris Conservatory, a position she held for thirty years and one which was among the most prestigious in Europe. In fact, Farrenc was the only woman to hold the esteemed position and rank at the Paris Conservatory throughout the 19th century. Accounts of the time record that she was an excellent instructor, with many of her students graduating with first prizes and becoming professional musicians. Despite this, Farrenc was paid less than her male counterparts for nearly a decade. Only after the triumphant premiere of her nonet, at which the famous violinist Joseph Joachim took part, did she demand and receive equal pay. [from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Farrenc]

    Louise Farrenc's Nonet in E flat Major, Op.38 for flute, oboe, B flat clarinet, E flat horn, bassoon, string trio and bass dates from 1849. It is ironic that of all her chamber music, the work which achieved the most popular success was a piece without piano of which she was a virtuoso. It was this Nonet which made whatever name she had as a composer during her lifetime. It may, in part, have been due to the tremendous popularity of the young and dashing Joseph Joachim—one of Europe’s leading violinists, for it was Joachim who, in 1850, participated in the public premiere of the Nonet in front of a large audience. The Nonet shows the influence of her teacher Anton Reicha.

    The first of its four movements, Adagio—Allegro, begins with a majestic introduction. The beautiful opening theme of the Allegro is full of potential and the second subject is also very good. The part writing is uniformly good with excellent integration of the strings and winds. This is tasteful, good-natured and genial music.

    The second movement, Andante con variazione, begins with a very attractive theme introduced by the violin. The first variation features the oboe by itself in a lyrical, syncopated and serene episode. The viola joins in toward the end and the mixed timbre of the two instruments is exquisite. In the second variation, the violin is given an etude like series of runs. The viola, flute and clarinet are brought in for cameo appearances. Then comes the bassoon who plays primus inter pares within a woodwind quintet. The horn is given a turn in the fourth variation, charmingly accompanied by a series of triplets in the minor by the strings. All participate in the Allegretto coda, even the bass is suddenly exposed to the light of day for a brief second. This is an absolutely first rate movement which serves to showcase Farrenc’s compositional skills.

    The third movement, Scherzo vivace begins with great originality as the strings quietly strum the exciting opening theme, which sounds of the chase. The winds restate it and the music then takes off. It is in the tradition of grand and exciting scherzi, complete with wonderful chromatic passages. The second theme, actually more of a long trio section, is first played by the winds in their upper registers, a dreamy, children’s nursery song. When the strings briefly take over, the melody becomes very lyrical. Again we have a little gem. Everything is perfect: the thematic material and the part writing. It shows great creativity and verve.

    The finale, Adagio-Allegro, begins with an introduction which creates a sense of expectation, especially as the oboe’s cadenza brings it to an end and horn sounds a four measure “call to attention”. The opening theme to the allegro is then introduced by the violin. It is at once beautiful and replete with forward motion. This work, in my opinion, it is unquestionably in the front rank of nonets. [from R.H.R. Silvertrust writing in The Chamber Music Journal]

  • Amy Marcy Cheney Beach (September 5, 1867 – December 27, 1944) was an American composer and pianist. Her "Gaelic" Symphony, premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1896, was the first symphony composed and published by an American woman. She was one of the first American composers to succeed without the benefit of European training, and one of the most respected and acclaimed American composers of her era. As a pianist, she was acclaimed for concerts she gave featuring her own music in the United States and in Germany. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Beach]

    Beach's Gaelic Symphony was the first symphony by an American woman composer to gain public attention, written at a time when American composers of either gender were a relative rarity on the international scene.

    Her Gaelic Symphony was Beach's response to Bohemian composer Antonín Dvořák's call for American composers to explore their musical roots. Known for his own nationalist style, Dvořák had traveled to the U.S. in 1892 to lead the National Conservatory of Music in New York City. He suggested that a distinctly American sound might include Native American and African American elements. Beach, who lived in Boston — which had a large Irish immigrant population — instead turned to Irish melodies, attracted by what she described as "their simple, rugged, and unpretentious beauty."

    The first movement of the symphony begins with much energy, borrowing a melody from "Dark Is the Night," one of Beach's own art songs. The lively second movement has a graceful theme that reappears in varied form in the movement’s middle section. For the third movement, Beach sets two melancholy Irish themes in counterpoint, so that they are heard simultaneously. In the final movement, she returns to the melody of the first movement, though here given even more dramatic expression.

    [Betsy Schwarm, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gaelic-Symphony]

Gerald Elias: Overture in the Classical Style
Chenyang Lin: violin solo
Saint James Place, August 2023

Alice Spatz: Berkshire Triptych
Saint James Place, August 2023

Louise Farrenc: Scherzo from "Nonet"
Saint James Place, August 2023

Amy Beach: Symphony No. 1 ("Gaelic")
Saint James Place, August 2023

2022

Tracy Wilson, conductor

The 2022 program honored Mother Earth with Antonin Dvořák's "In Nature's Realm;" Ludwig van Beethoven's Sixth Symphony ("Pastoral"); and the premiere of the second movement of Alice Spatz' "Berkshire Triptych."

Also, for the 2022 Gala Anniversary Concert at Saint James Place, the Sinfonia presented "O, Colored Earth" by Steve Heitzig in a special arrangement co-commissioned and performed by the Sinfonia together with the Berkshire Children's Chorus, which celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2022.

  • Stewart Edelstein, shofar

    Joy Dronge was a Juilliard-trained flutist and composer who had her work performed at Tanglewood, Boston University, Lesley College, Simons Rock College of Bard, Spencertown Academy, Edward Pickman Concert Hall, Longy School of Music, American Women Composers of Massachusetts Concerts at the First Parish Church in Watertown, Kripalu Center, and on community television.

    Joy taught music in the Pittsfield Massachusetts Public Schools for 14 years. "Yom Kippur," composed in 1990, features the schofar with a brass quintet and has been performed at Tanglewood.

    Joy was the Stockbridge Sinfonia's founder in 1972. She played flute in the orchestra for 49 years. She was ill in 2022 but was able to attend this concert. She passed away on November 11, 2022.

  • Here is an excerpt from Steve Heitzeg's biography on his website:

    Emmy Award-winning composer Steve Heitzeg is recognized for his orchestral, choral and chamber music written in celebration of the natural world, with evocative and lyrical scores frequently including naturally-found instruments such as stones, driftwood, Joshua Tree branches, manatee and beluga whale bones and sea shells.

    An advocate for the "peaceful coexistence of all species through music," Heitzeg has written more than 150 works, including compositions for orchestra, chorus, chamber ensemble, ballet and PBS films. His music has been performed by leading orchestras and ensembles, including the Auckland Philharmonia, Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, Chanticleer, Daedalus Quartet, the Dale Warland Singers, Des Moines Symphony Orchestra, Detroit Symphony, Houston Symphony, James Sewell Ballet, Minnesota Orchestra, The Philadelphia Orchestra, members of The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, Stavanger Symphony Orchestra, VocalEssence and Zeitgeist, as well as at the Cabrillo and Grand Teton music festivals.

  • Alice Spatz has an MFA in music composition from Bennington College and is a classical free-lance double bassist who teaches double bass, music theory and composition at the Berkshire Music School. Spatz has composed for chamber ensembles, concert band, orchestra, chorus, music theater, voice and solo instruments.

    Her compositions have been performed widely throughout the US, Canada, Germany and in Vienna, Austria. Her works have been broadcast on television and public radio, and are published by Shawnee Press, W.W. Norton, ASTA, Audubon Music, Sheetmusicplus and Amati Productions. Her music has been recorded by Gary Karr, and for Centaur Records by the Linden Trio, with Robert J. Lurtsema as narrator.

    She is the recipient of many commissions (including from the Atlantic Sinfonietta, the Walden Chamber Players and the Karr Lewis Duo), and awards from the American Music Center, ASCAP, ASTA, the Massachusetts Cultural Council, and Meet the Composer.

    She also composes for, sings, plays mandolin and bass, and performs widely with Wintergreen, a traditional and contemporary folk trio. Her home is in Lanesborough, Massachusetts.

  • In the spring of 1891, Dvořák set about writing a cycle of three concert overtures which were originally known by their collective title, Nature, Life and Love. Later on, however, the composer decided to split them up, giving them each an independent opus number and title: In Nature's Realm, Op. 91, Carnival, Op. 92 and Othello, Op. 93.

    Dvořák had a rural property, Vysoka, where he retreated to do much of his writing. In Nature's Realm to some degree is a portrait of Vysoka, a quiet place in the forest with only natural sounds. In Nature's Realm begins with an evocative, soft introduction from the basses. The nature motif, in its simplest form, is then sounded by the strings, with woodwinds, such as the flute and oboe, reflecting some sort of bird-songs.

    The main theme, heard slightly later on, is resonant of Moravian yodelling, and this is exhibited with the theme being passed through different instruments and registers. The work uses the call and response technique many times, which emphasizes just how important and central the theme of nature really is.

    The development section has different atmosphere from the previous light and carefree sections. Again, the nature motif takes center stage, however it is now layered over complex harmonies and very clever contrapuntal lines, which reflects Dvořák's homage to J. S. Bach. The recapitulation is similar to the opening, however there is a growth in intensity, which resolves into a much more tranquil coda section. The work can thus be seen as a circle, with it starting and ending the same way.

    [From the Classicalexburns blog.]

  • Beethoven composed his 6th Symphony about nature in 1807 and 1808. The Symphony No. 6 in F major, op. 68 has five movements, not four, and along with the usual tempo indications, Beethoven gave them descriptive headings too. The Sixth, known as the "Pastoral," begins with "Awakening of cheerful feelings on arrival in the countryside." The tempo is marked "Allegro ma non troppo."

    But there are actually many tempos, moods, feelings and effects in the first movement of Beethoven's Sixth. One thing missing from Beethoven's Sixth is the forward thrust so typical of Beethoven; struggle and passion, striving for a goal. Instead, the main theme is repeated, and time seems to slow down and even stand still.

    The Symphony No. 6 wasn't intended as a graphic musical depiction of nature. Beethoven wrote that he intended it to be "more an expression of feeling than tone-painting." In the second movement you can hear ripples on a creek and birds tweeting. Beethoven's subtitle is "Scene at the Brook."

    Beethoven only rarely explained his music. He wrote of his Sixth: "It's left to the listener to figure out the situations. Anyone who has any idea of life in the countryside can discern the composer's intent. You can hear the calls of the nightingale, the quail and the cuckoo, played by the flute, the oboe and two clarinets.

    In the third movement, a "Cheerful Gathering of the Country Folk," we hear an oom-pah-pah village band that doesn't quite play together but, for that, is all the more boisterous. Beethoven wrote: "Stay in the countryside. My unfortunate hearing problem doesn't plague me here. It's as though, in the country, every tree was speaking to me. Holy, holy! Who can express it all? Sweet quietude of the forest!"

    The fourth movement, titled "Thunderstorm," is the shortest but most dramatic movement. Thunder, screeching wind and a downpour are all clearly audible. And then, after the merry gathering of the countryfolk and the storm, comes the finale titled "Shepherd's Song. Happy, Grateful Feelings After The Storm."

    [adapted from: www.youtube.com]

Joy Robin Dronge: “Yom Kippur” for Brass Quintet & Shofar

Steven Heitzeg: O, Colored Earth

Alice Spatz: "City" from Berkshire Triptych

Antonin Dvořák: V Příodě (In Nature's Realm), Overture, Op. 91

Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 6 — I. Awakening of Happy Feelings Upon Reaching the Countryside

Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 6 — II. Scene at the Brook

Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 6 — III. Cheerful Gathering of the Country Folk

Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 6 — IV. Thunderstorm

Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 6 — V. Shepherd's Song

2021

Tracy Wilson, conductor

  • Alice Spatz has an MFA in music composition from Bennington College and is a classical free-lance double bassist who teaches double bass, music theory and composition at the Berkshire Music School. Spatz has composed for chamber ensembles, concert band, orchestra, chorus, music theater, voice and solo instruments.

    Her compositions have been performed widely throughout the US, Canada, Germany and in Vienna, Austria. Her works have been broadcast on television and public radio, and are published by Shawnee Press, W.W. Norton, ASTA, Audubon Music, Sheetmusicplus and Amati Productions. Her music has been recorded by Gary Karr, and for Centaur Records by the Linden Trio, with Robert J. Lurtsema as narrator.

    She is the recipient of many commissions (including from the Atlantic Sinfonietta, the Walden Chamber Players and the Karr Lewis Duo), and awards from the American Music Center, ASCAP, ASTA, the Massachusetts Cultural Council, and Meet the Composer.

    She also composes for, sings, plays mandolin and bass, and performs widely with Wintergreen, a traditional and contemporary folk trio. Her home is in Lanesborough, Massachusetts.

  • Let's Make the Future That the 'New World' Symphony Predicted

    To grasp in full this classic work's complex legacy would allow us to move beyond it, fostering new paths for artists of color.

    By Douglas W. Shadle

    New York Times - Published March 17, 2021; Updated March 18, 2021

    The last live performance I attended before the lockdown last year featured excerpts from Nkeiru Okoye's gripping 2014 opera "Harriet Tubman: When I Crossed That Line to Freedom." The score takes listeners on a journey through Black musical styles, including spirituals, jazz, blues and gospel.

    "I am Moses, the liberator," Harriet proclaims in her final aria, pistol in hand as she urges an exhausted man to continue running toward freedom. "You keep on going or die."

    With its themes of survival and deliverance, Okoye's work would make a fitting grand opening for an opera company's post-pandemic relaunch. But the American classical music industry has too often chosen familiarity and homogeneity over the liberating power of diverse voices.

    To help break this inertia, we must confront a work that has left indelible marks on music in this country: Antonin Dvořák's "New World" Symphony. To grasp in full the complex legacy of this classic piece would allow us to move beyond it, fostering new paths for artists of color.

    In 1893, the year of the symphony's premiere, Dvořák argued in print that Black musical idioms should form the basis of an American classical style - not an entirely new position, but far from the norm at the time. Some white musicians were so scandalized that they accused reporters of misrepresenting Dvořák's ideas. Of course, he meant exactly what he said, for he consistently reiterated his views, eventually adding Indigenous American music to his recommendations.

    Dvořák was true to his word in the "New World." After finishing the symphony, he explained in an interview with the Chicago Tribune that he had studied certain songs from Black traditions until he became "thoroughly imbued with their characteristics" and felt "enabled to make a musical picture in keeping with and partaking of those characteristics." Musical gestures inspired by these songs pervade the piece, such as the melodic contour of "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" in the first movement and the second movement's famous, plaintive Largo theme, which has often been mistaken as a direct quotation of a spiritual - but which actually was only later given words and turned into a spiritual, "Goin' Home."

    Echoing segregationist Jim Crow policies in force at the time, several white critics bent over backward to deny Black influence on the "New World" - despite Dvořák's own words - as if African origins would preclude the piece's place in the national musical fabric. Black writers, on the other hand, acknowledged the importance of his advocacy. Richard Greener, a former dean of what is now Howard University School of Law, suggested in 1894 that if Black musicians heeded Dvořák's recommendations, they would "become greater than the lawgiver" - a clear challenge to the prevailing social order.

    Composers from a variety of racial backgrounds, including R. Nathaniel Dett, Amy Beach, Henry Gilbert, Florence Price, Dennison Wheelock,and Nora Holt, followed in Dvořák's footsteps during the first quarter of the 20th century, writing a cascade of pieces invoking Black or Indigenous folk styles.

    White composers frequently earned praise for their music's engagement with these idioms, which often included direct quotation. A critic for the magazine Musical America wrote, for example, that Powell's "Rhapsodie Nègre" had a "savage, almost brutal polyphonic climax yielding gradually to a more peaceable slow section reared on a lyrical phrase with Dvořákian loveliness." But white writers attacked Black composers like Florence Price and William Dawson for using similar approaches.

    What was sophisticated and lovely when Powell did it was plagiarism when Dawson did. When Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra performed Dawson's "Negro Folk Symphony" at Carnegie Hall in 1934, another writer for Musical America wrote that "the influence of Dvořák is strong almost to the point of quotation, and when all is said and done, the Bohemian composer's symphony, 'From the New World,' stands as the best symphony 'à la Nègre' written to date."

    What was sophisticated and lovely when Powell did it was plagiarism when Dawson did.

    Dawson responded in The Pittsburgh Courier, a major Black newspaper, to defend his stylistic choices. "Dvořák used Negro idioms," he said. "That is my language. It is the language of my ancestors, and my misfortune is that I was not born when that great writer came to America in search of material."

    Over the decades, the "New World" steadily grew in popularity but never shed the aura of controversy surrounding its connections to Black music. A New York Philharmonic program annotator remarked in 1940 that "Dvořák, in his enthusiasm for Negro music, overlooked the fact that there exists in our diversified population a rich heritage of folk music brought hither by white colonists." Around the same time, Olin Downes of The New York Times called the origin and inspiration of the symphony "a question for academic argument."

    For many Black musicians, though, the "New World" was galvanizing precisely because of its ties to the African diaspora. In June 1940, a little over a year after the release of Billie Holiday's anti-lynching protest song "Strange Fruit," Artur Rodzinski and the New York Philharmonic premiered William Grant Still's heart-rending >"And They Lynched Him on a Tree." A somber English horn solo early in the piece recalled the famous "New World" Largo, which directly preceded it on the program.

    After Rodzinski discouraged the violinist Everett Lee from auditioning for the Philharmonic because of his race, Lee formed one of the nation's first racially integrated orchestras, the Cosmopolitan Symphony Society, and became its conductor. During its third season, in 1951, he programmed Dvořák's Ninth, which he would later direct at engagements around the world in an illustrious career spanning nearly seven decades.

    At the height of the Civil Rights Movement, in the mid-1960s, a group that included the conductor Benjamin Steinberg and the composer Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson founded another major integrated orchestra in New York called the Symphony of the New World - an optimistic nod to Dvořák. When Everett Lee returned from Europe to conduct the group in 1966, his program included its namesake, and his favorite: the "New World" Symphony. And the piece has remained a staple in the repertoire of many other prominent Black conductors, including A. Jack Thomas, Rudolph Dunbar, Dean Dixon, Jeri Lynne Johnson, Thomas Wilkins and Michael Morgan.

    Over the last 50 years, the "New World" has become perhaps the keystone in epochal American orchestral concerts abroad, including the Philadelphia Orchestra's 1973 tour of China and the New York Philharmonic's trip to North Korea in 2008. But ensembles have rarely paired it with pieces by living composers of color; instead, Dvořák alone becomes the international spokesman for the whole multiracial American experience.

    That should change. To start, organizations should reject the uncritical valorization of white composers of the past who appropriated Black or Indigenous musical styles - Dvořák, for example, or George Gershwin - as if programming their work comes at no cost to composers of color, past and present.

    Like Okoye, Gershwin's "Porgy and Bess" has its strengths, but unlike it, Okoye's deeply researched opera offers singers ample opportunity to engage with our national past while being liberated from the burden of embodying distorted stereotypes. Okoye's evocative "Black Bottom," premiered by the Detroit Symphony Orchestra at its annual Classical Roots celebration last March, is one of the most engrossing musical portraits of Black history in the available repertoire. (The performance was an especially memorable moment for an artist who attributes her decision to continue a career in composition in part to the Detroit orchestra's tradition of inclusivity.)

    Beloved and moving, the "New World" Symphony has a secure place on programs well into the future. But Dvořák, and the white composers who followed in his footsteps, should not be the loudest voices speaking on behalf of all Americans.

    At the Detroit Symphony's first Classical Roots celebration, in 1978, the conductor Paul Freeman programmed the "New World" alongside music by Hale Smith, Still and José Maurício Nunes Garcia - a rich musical cross-section of living and historical Black composers from diverse backgrounds. To continue reckoning with Dvořák's legacy today, Detroit has commissioned a piece by James Lee III that will premiere alongside the "New World" next season. Lee's work, "Amer'ican," presents a lavish tapestry of musical images drawn from over six centuries of Indigenous and Black history.

    Lee said in an interview that he found it "quite gratifying" to join Dvořák in weaving Black and Indigenous musical materials into a work. According to the notes accompanying the piece, it closes with "music representing memories of unbridled freedom and exhilaration."

    Lee added that his work had been set alongside Dvořák's by other orchestras, but that in Detroit he would join a tradition of true creative dialogue between past and present.

    "Being programmed with the music of Dvořák is nothing new to me," he said. "But this case is special."

    Douglas W. Shadle is an associate professor of musicology at Vanderbilt University and the author of the book "Antonin Dvořák's 'New World' Symphony."

Simeon Loring (arr.): Schindler's List

Antonin Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 "From the New World”

2019

Tracy Wilson, conductor

  • Elsie DiLisio, trumpet soloist

  • Joseph Cracolici, cello soloist

Mozart: La Finta Semplice Overture

J.N. Hummel: Trumpet Concerto in Eb

Haydn: Cello Concerto No. 1

Georges Bizet: L'Arlesienne — Suite No. 1

Georges Bizet: L'Arlesienne — Suite No. 2

2017

Simeon Loring, conductor

  • John Davies, clarinet soloist

I. Allegro

II. Adagio

III. Rondo